《中国共产党第二十届中央委员会第三次全体会议公报》中明确指出，“紧紧围绕推进中国式现代化进一步全面深化改革”。当前，中国处于进一步全面深化改革、推动经济高质量发展的关键时期，世界各国正密切关注中国经济的方方面面。
近日，我院副院长、经济与金融系教授钟宁桦在《环球时报》英文版Global Times 发表文章 China’s growing export of high-tech goods helps resolve global challenges，为应对全球挑战下的中国出口增长问题提供了有益见解。以下是刊发原文：
Despite facing a number of external uncertainties, China’s exports continue to grow, attracting much attention. Total exports have steadily expanded from 17.24 trillion yuan ($2.5 trillion) in 2019 to hit 23.77 trillion yuan in 2023.
Meanwhile, the past several years have also witnessed a noticeable trend of diversification in both export destinations and shipped products. From January to May 2024, China exported 1.39 trillion yuan of goods to the US, which grew by 3.6 percent year-on-year.
Due to sticky inflation in the US, affordable Chinese products have helped American households lower living costs and enhance their purchasing power, particularly benefiting the middle- and low-income groups there. These benefits have driven the overall rise in Chinese exports to the US.
From January to May 2024, China’s exports to ASEAN countries totaled 1.67 trillion yuan, up 13.5 percent year-on-year, with notable increases to Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Indonesia. And, China’s exports to Central Asian nations and Arab countries have also witnessed marked growth.
Helped by the diversification bid in export destinations, the range of China’s export shipments has broadened. Years ago, clothes, furniture, and home appliances dominated Chinese exports. In 2023, electric vehicles, lithium-ion batteries, and solar panels became the country’s fastest-growing export items, totaling 1.06 trillion yuan in value, an increase of 29.9 percent year-on-year.
The rising exports of Chinese new-energy products will greatly support the global green transition.
Private and foreign-invested enterprises have played a premium role in China’s exports. In 2023, the number of foreign trade dealers exceeded 600,000 for the first time, including 556,000 private enterprises. The establishment of 21,764 new foreign-invested enterprises in the first five months of this year marked a 17.4 percent year-on-year increase.
As China adjusts its export structure, many foreign firms are reshaping their investment strategies in the country. Production lines are shifting from mobile phones, computers, and home appliances to high-tech products, including new digital displays and high-end electric batteries. Notably, investments in scientific research and technological development by foreign firms continue to grow.
In the first five months this year, China’s manufacturing sector attracted 117.1 billion yuan of foreign investment, with high-end manufacturing drawing 50.41 billion yuan. The progress echoes with China’s robust industrial and supply chains, which cover a wide variety of emerging fields, typically the new-energy vehicles.
Against a complex global geopolitical background, Chinese companies are expanding investments across many regions in order to access larger international markets. In 2022, China’s total outbound direct investment reached 985.37 billion yuan. In 2023, the investment exceeded 1 trillion yuan, marking a 5.7 percent year-on-year increase, with a focus on investing in markets like Southeast Asia, Africa, and Latin America.
The rising Chinese investments have helped drive local economic development and created many job opportunities.
Now, some Chinese companies are transforming into multinational corporations, deeply participating in the global supply chain, and integrating global resources such as raw materials and components. By bringing Chinese technology and innovations to other countries, Chinese companies are helping upgrade local industries.
Additionally, global warming is accelerating. Addressing the grave climate challenge calls for establishing an integrated trade system in the world, for such a system facilitates economic integration, benefits the disadvantaged populations, and helps promote green, low-carbon development.
（译文）
近年来，面临诸多外部不确定性，中国出口呈持续增长态势，受到了广泛关注。总出口从2019年的17.24万亿元（约合2.50万亿美元）稳定增长至2023年的23.77万亿元。
与此同时，过去几年中，中国出口还展现出口地多元化、出口产品类型多样化的趋势。今年1~5月，中国对美国出口1.39万亿元，同比增长3.6%。
由于美国存在“粘性通胀”现象，价廉物美的中国商品帮助美国家庭降低了生活成本，提高了美国民众的实际购买力，尤其使中低收入群体受益。这些实实在在的福利驱动着中国对美出口的不断提升。
今年1~5月，中国对东盟出口1.68万亿元，同比增长13.5%，其中对老挝、越南、柬埔寨、印度尼西亚出口增速明显。同时，对中亚和阿拉伯国家出口也显著增长。
伴随着上述出口目的地的多元化，中国出口产品日渐多样化。几年前，服装、家具、家电等是中国主要的出口。到了2023年，电动载人汽车、锂离子蓄电池、太阳能电池合计出口1.06万亿元，同比增长29.9%。
中国新能源产品出口的持续增长，将有力支持全球绿色低碳转型。
民营和外资企业是中国出口的主体。2023年，有进出口记录的外贸经营主体首次突破60万家，其中民营企业55.6万家。今年前五个月，新设立外商投资企业21764家，同比增长17.4%。
随着中国出口结构的调整，不少外资企业也在积极调整在华投资布局，不断将手机、电脑、家电生产线转换为新型数字显示器、高端电池等高技术产品生产线。值得注意的是，外资企业正不断增加在科学研究和技术研发方面的投资。
今年前五个月，我国制造业实际使用外资1171亿元，其中高技术制造业吸引外资504.1亿元，这与我国强大的产业链供应链体系相呼应，涵盖了新能源车等诸多新兴领域。
在全球经济和政治环境复杂多变的背景下，中国企业正向更多的地区进行投资以开拓市场。2022年，中国全行业对外直接投资接近9853.70亿元，2023年突破万亿，同比增长5.70%，主要集中在东南亚、非洲和拉丁美洲等地区。
不断增长的中国对外投资推动了当地经济发展，并创造了大量就业机会。
当前，中国企业正在加速成为跨国公司，更深度地参与全球供应链，更有效地整合来自全球各地的原材料、零部件，将技术和创新带到其他国家，促进当地产业的不断升级。
此外，全球变暖正不断加速，需要构建多边贸易体制以应对严峻的气候挑战，从而更有利于经济一体化，惠及全球更多的弱势人群，促进绿色化、低碳化发展。
作者：钟宁桦
来源：Global Times 2024-07-29
